Tetraploidization Increases the Contents of Functional Metabolites in Cnidium officinale

Cnidium officinale is an important medicinal crop grown in Asia for its pharmacological properties. In this study, tetraploid breeding was conducted to increases the content of compound and tolerance environmental conditions using vitro shoot culture C. officinale. For this, we generated plants oryzalin, a chromosome doubling agent, compared morphological traits, cytological characteristics, heat stress-responsive gene expression levels between diploid genotypes. Chromosome efficiency highest plantlets treated with 4.0 mg∙L−1 oryzalin 2 days. Compared diploids, plant height tetraploids reduced, while petiole diameter increased by approximately 39%. The dry matter leaves significantly higher than that leaves. showed chloroplast number stomatal complex size but lower chlorophyll carotenoid contents. phenolic plantlets. Contents naringin as well salicylic acid gentisic acid, which are strong antioxidant compounds, were dramatically upon tetraploidization. Interestingly, liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS) analyses revealed senkyunolide F phthalide roots not or